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U.S. Cities With the Best Work-Life Balance 2021

By comparing data on work intensity, institutional support, legislation, and livability, study reveals a ranking of U.S. and global cities based on their success in promoting work-life balance to their citizens before, during and beyond the pandemic.

See Rankings

At Kisi, we’ve made it our goal to work smarter rather than harder. Like many others, we’ve seen first-hand the value of maintaining a healthy balance between our work and life commitments, which lead us to release our first U.S. study on the topic in 2019. In the time since, the pandemic has underscored this delicate balance more than ever before. Working from home, taking next-to-no vacations, and being separated from loved ones has brought a collective realisation that we don’t spend enough time with our families, that time off is vital to productivity, and that where we live really matters for our well-being.

For this year’s iteration we aimed to find a way to incorporate these shifts in our cultural expectations of work-life balance, alongside the key elements from the previous study such as work intensity and city livability which remain fundamental. The resulting index shows how cities rank against their pre-pandemic statuses, painting a picture of how Covid-19 has changed and continues to affect people’s work-life balance in major cities around the U.S. and the world. This study is not designed to be a city livability index, nor is it intended to highlight the best cities to work in; instead, it is an indicator of a city's ability to provide a healthy work-life balance for its residents, while providing opportunities to relieve work-related stress during and outside times of crisis.

As a company based in Brooklyn, NY, we began by evaluating the local working climate in 50 U.S. cities. Then, to understand how American cities compare on a global scale, an international study was conducted, including 17 notable U.S. cities and 33 international cities known for attracting professionals and families for their work opportunities and diverse lifestyle offerings.

As perhaps the most significant change in our work lives, we first examined how adaptable a location was for remote working, calculating the percentage of jobs that were classified as ‘teleworkable’ in each city. Next, we assessed the overall work intensity of a city based on a series of factors related to overworking, holiday allowance, and parental leave. We paid special attention to unemployment figures, as they have soared in many locations due to the economic fallout from the pandemic, as well as to the percentage of people who have had to undertake multiple jobs in order to get by as a result.

Next, we looked into the amount of Covid-related economic support residents received over the last year in each U.S. and global location, as this had an immense impact on their livelihoods. To determine the extent to which residents receive equal treatment, we also evaluated their access to state-funded health and welfare programs, as well as institutional support for gender equality and social inclusivity of minorities and the LGBT+ community. We then appraised each city’s livability by examining its affordability as well as its citizens’ overall happiness, safety, and access to wellness and leisure venues — allowing us to assess whether its residents can enjoy their environment after office hours under normal circumstances.

Finally, we looked into the effect of the pandemic on a city’s work-life balance in several key areas - case numbers, the severity of lockdown measures, and economic losses - which were combined to determine an overall ‘Covid Impact’ score.

The result is an index of 18 factors analysing the work-life balance of 50 cities in the U.S., followed by a global ranking. The final list reveals those who encourage a healthy balance both directly and indirectly through policies and urban infrastructure, while also bringing attention to those who have been adversely affected by the pandemic.

Top Cities in the Ranking for Work-Life Balance

Flag

1: Salt Lake City

Utah

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2: Portland

Oregon

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3: Minneapolis

Minnesota

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4: Colorado Springs

Colorado

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5: Omaha

Nebraska

Top Overworked Cities in the Ranking

Flag

1: Houston

Texas

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2: New Orleans

Louisiana

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3: Austin

Texas

Flag

4: Dallas

Texas

Flag

5: Tulsa

Oklahoma

2021 Work–Life Balance Index

The tables below display the U.S. and global cities with the best work-life balance in order from highest to lowest. Each individual column is filterable, and the full methodology explaining how each factor was evaluated is at the bottom of the page.

  • Factors
    • Work Intensity
      • Remote Jobs
      • Overworked Population
      • Minimum Vacations Offered (Days)
      • Vacations Taken (Days)
      • Unemployment
      • Multiple Jobholders
      • Paid Parental Leave (Days)
    • Society and Institutions
      • Covid support
      • Healthcare
      • Access to Mental Healthcare
      • Inclusivity & Tolerance
    • City Livability
      • Affordability
      • Happiness, Culture & Leisure
      • City Safety
      • Outdoor Spaces
      • Air Quality
      • Wellness and Fitness
    • Covid-19
      • Covid Impact
    Work Intensity
    Society and Institutions
    City Livability
    Covid-19
    2021
    2019
    City
    State
    TOTAL SCORE
    01
    -
    Salt Lake City
    Utah
    43.3%
    14.2%
    10
    9.9
    100
    6.5%
    0
    51.8
    87.4
    59
    71.9
    90.3
    83.9
    99.3
    78.9
    89.2
    100
    100
    100
    02
    02
    Portland
    Oregon
    38.5%
    13.7%
    10
    10.1
    84.8
    5.4%
    0
    76.8
    92.9
    76.7
    90
    85.1
    85
    99.8
    93.3
    87.3
    82.1
    97.1
    95.9
    03
    04
    Minneapolis
    Minnesota
    41.1%
    13.0%
    10
    10.5
    91.7
    7.7%
    0
    68
    100
    87.9
    73.8
    84.9
    88.8
    98.9
    97.9
    77.9
    76.9
    88.3
    95.6
    04
    09
    Colorado Springs
    Colorado
    40.3%
    12.1%
    10
    10.2
    78.9
    5.6%
    0
    72.7
    78.9
    70
    82.6
    90.4
    83.5
    98.2
    69.2
    91.9
    91.4
    94.3
    92.8
    05
    08
    Omaha
    Nebraska
    38.9%
    12.7%
    10
    10.4
    98
    7.7%
    0
    71.7
    93
    83.3
    57.2
    92.2
    84.4
    98.4
    79.6
    78.2
    68.1
    95.7
    92.7
    06
    13
    Denver
    Colorado
    42.6%
    12.3%
    10
    10.2
    80.9
    5.6%
    0
    72.7
    87.5
    70
    87
    84.9
    84.9
    98
    76.1
    81.6
    88.8
    91.7
    92.1
    07
    -
    Honolulu
    Hawaii
    35.4%
    11.7%
    10
    9.9
    74.5
    5.7%
    30
    80.1
    91.6
    84.4
    76
    76
    84.4
    97.5
    81.9
    100
    79.7
    89.7
    91.6
    08
    23
    Kansas City
    Missouri
    39.5%
    13.3%
    10
    10.3
    93.1
    5.8%
    0
    64.5
    93.4
    71.3
    56.3
    94.9
    71.4
    90.6
    96
    78.5
    63.5
    96.2
    91.1
    09
    10
    Seattle
    Washington
    42.3%
    13.6%
    10
    10.4
    83.8
    5.4%
    0
    76
    94
    81.1
    84.2
    69.5
    87.7
    70.7
    91.8
    82.4
    84.1
    96.5
    90.7
    10
    06
    Sacramento
    California
    40.3%
    11.6%
    10
    9.7
    77.5
    4.0%
    117
    100
    86.8
    94.3
    80.8
    87.1
    79.1
    98
    72.3
    87.8
    79.9
    83.9
    90.2
    11
    21
    Tampa
    Florida
    39.9%
    12.7%
    10
    10.7
    97.1
    3.5%
    0
    51.4
    86.1
    81
    65.1
    87.6
    79.8
    98.5
    72.6
    82.4
    62.7
    86.5
    90
    12
    17
    Milwaukee
    Wisconsin
    36.5%
    11.8%
    10
    10.8
    92.3
    7.6%
    0
    65.7
    83
    81.2
    62.3
    92.8
    72.2
    95.5
    80.9
    73.1
    75.6
    92.7
    89.9
    13
    14
    Virginia Beach
    Virginia
    34.6%
    12.5%
    10
    10.6
    82.9
    5.2%
    0
    69.9
    87.1
    84.3
    65.6
    89.5
    81.9
    97.6
    83.8
    78.2
    69.1
    96.4
    89.3
    14
    16
    Jacksonville
    Florida
    36.6%
    12.1%
    10
    10.7
    98.7
    3.5%
    0
    51.4
    85.2
    81
    66.4
    92.8
    73.2
    96.5
    81.4
    72.3
    61.2
    89.7
    88.7
    15
    -
    Raleigh
    North Carolina
    41.3%
    12.7%
    10
    10.6
    89.2
    5.0%
    0
    66.5
    90.3
    80.8
    52.3
    87.7
    87.1
    99.4
    79.3
    63
    69
    89
    87.5
    16
    07
    Boston
    Massachusetts
    44.4%
    12.7%
    10
    10.7
    80.9
    5.5%
    0
    57.4
    96.3
    100
    84.9
    73.3
    91.4
    84.3
    95.3
    75.5
    74.3
    69.8
    87
    17
    -
    Baltimore
    Maryland
    41.6%
    12.5%
    10
    9.9
    84.3
    5.3%
    0
    58
    93.8
    93.6
    73.7
    89.5
    69.5
    93.9
    88.5
    68.2
    70.4
    88.9
    86.5
    18
    29
    Charlotte
    North Carolina
    37.9%
    14.0%
    10
    10.6
    85
    5.0%
    0
    66.5
    89.1
    80.8
    56.2
    87.3
    84.9
    98.2
    84.6
    66.7
    66.6
    90.4
    86.4
    19
    -
    Cincinnati
    Ohio
    36.2%
    12.3%
    10
    10.9
    92.2
    6.5%
    0
    68.1
    82.5
    79
    52.5
    93.4
    67.3
    97.9
    95.1
    59.6
    60.8
    88.7
    86.2
    20
    -
    Wichita
    Kansas
    33.5%
    13.9%
    10
    10.4
    89.7
    6.2%
    0
    65.7
    76.8
    66.9
    56.3
    97.8
    71.6
    95.9
    77.6
    78.7
    65.3
    90.6
    85.4
    21
    25
    Washington
    District of Columbia
    49.8%
    13.6%
    10
    9.4
    82.4
    5.5%
    40
    65.3
    82.2
    98.2
    81.9
    72.4
    100
    61.8
    96.2
    76.5
    83.9
    86
    85.4
    22
    -
    St. Louis
    Missouri
    37.6%
    12.8%
    10
    10.3
    89.7
    5.8%
    0
    64.5
    96.9
    71.3
    56.3
    90.3
    66
    94.8
    92.4
    61.1
    57.3
    96
    85.3
    23
    01
    San Diego
    California
    39.5%
    13.0%
    10
    9.7
    76.5
    4.0%
    117
    100
    88.7
    94.3
    80.8
    79.1
    88.3
    99.6
    77.3
    61.5
    79.9
    83.2
    85
    24
    22
    Philadelphia
    Pennsylvania
    40.1%
    12.8%
    10
    10.7
    80.9
    6.0%
    0
    70.5
    85.7
    80.7
    60.6
    88.1
    77.8
    93.2
    92.1
    61.5
    67.8
    85.2
    84.5
    25
    26
    Columbus
    Ohio
    39.5%
    12.5%
    10
    10.9
    86.1
    6.5%
    0
    68.1
    88.7
    79
    59.7
    91
    73.5
    95.4
    81.7
    61.5
    63.5
    87.9
    84.5
    26
    -
    Pittsburgh
    Pennsylvania
    36.8%
    12.5%
    10
    10.7
    79.9
    6.0%
    0
    70.5
    93
    80.7
    54.5
    88.3
    81.2
    99.2
    88
    58.6
    66
    84.7
    83.8
    27
    18
    Austin
    Texas
    45.5%
    15.0%
    10
    9.9
    90.8
    3.7%
    0
    56.1
    84.9
    77.1
    59.7
    89
    88.9
    99.5
    65.8
    65.9
    60.1
    90
    83.6
    28
    38
    Atlanta
    Georgia
    40.4%
    13.4%
    10
    10.2
    86.3
    3.8%
    0
    52.7
    79.7
    92.6
    61.4
    83.4
    84.4
    96.5
    89.6
    61.5
    59.6
    89
    83.5
    29
    35
    Tucson
    Arizona
    37.3%
    11.1%
    10
    10.5
    81.4
    4.0%
    0
    78.8
    72.6
    64.5
    60
    97.4
    75.5
    97.1
    50
    88
    71.3
    80.6
    83.4
    30
    03
    San Francisco
    California
    44.8%
    13.2%
    10
    9.7
    81.9
    4.0%
    117
    100
    83.1
    94.2
    100
    50
    95
    64.1
    83.1
    76.5
    80.6
    77.9
    82.4
    31
    31
    San Antonio
    Texas
    37.7%
    13.8%
    10
    9.9
    85.9
    3.7%
    0
    56.1
    85.4
    77.1
    55.8
    95.1
    77.4
    97
    67.3
    70.6
    59.7
    91.4
    81.8
    32
    34
    Nashville
    Tennessee
    36.4%
    14.0%
    10
    9.7
    92.2
    4.3%
    0
    50
    74.5
    67.6
    56
    89.3
    78.4
    97.1
    100
    63.2
    56
    82.8
    81.3
    33
    -
    Oklahoma City
    Oklahoma
    37.3%
    13.7%
    10
    9.7
    94.1
    4.2%
    0
    51.2
    89.9
    65.8
    50.8
    96
    72.1
    97.5
    67.2
    66.9
    54.3
    93.8
    81.3
    34
    40
    Detroit
    Michigan
    35.1%
    13.4%
    10
    10.6
    66.2
    4.6%
    0
    67.6
    73.4
    81.7
    62.4
    95.8
    50
    92.4
    83
    80.9
    65.9
    88
    81
    35
    32
    Dallas
    Texas
    39.7%
    15.0%
    10
    9.9
    85.8
    3.7%
    0
    56.1
    78.5
    77.1
    51.9
    88.7
    89.6
    97.7
    64.2
    70.1
    59.1
    90.9
    80.9
    36
    30
    Tulsa
    Oklahoma
    35.1%
    14.7%
    10
    9.7
    90.2
    4.2%
    0
    51.2
    78.4
    65.8
    50.8
    96.7
    65.6
    96.2
    81.8
    66.9
    54.7
    96
    80.8
    37
    36
    Indianapolis
    Indiana
    36.0%
    13.5%
    10
    10.3
    93.6
    5.5%
    0
    65.1
    86.7
    71.7
    68.6
    95
    70.3
    95.9
    76.7
    51.2
    59.3
    90.8
    80.8
    38
    11
    Albuquerque
    New Mexico
    35.7%
    11.8%
    10
    9.4
    75.3
    3.9%
    0
    71.2
    78
    50
    72.3
    95
    73.7
    93.5
    79.6
    87.3
    72.8
    66.9
    79.9
    39
    -
    El Paso
    Texas
    34.8%
    11.8%
    10
    9.9
    78.8
    3.7%
    0
    56.1
    76.9
    77.1
    53.1
    100
    82.5
    100
    64.5
    70.8
    59.2
    92
    79.9
    40
    12
    Las Vegas
    Nevada
    30.4%
    12.1%
    10
    9.8
    67.2
    3.8%
    0
    70.4
    67.2
    57.2
    78.3
    92.1
    79.7
    96.2
    73.1
    80.9
    67.2
    88.7
    78.3
    41
    27
    Louisville
    Kentucky
    33.0%
    14.0%
    10
    10.5
    90.7
    5.2%
    0
    54.3
    72
    71.4
    62.6
    93.9
    70.5
    96.4
    89.2
    56.1
    50
    83
    78
    42
    20
    Phoenix
    Arizona
    38.9%
    14.3%
    10
    10.5
    83.9
    4.0%
    0
    78.8
    81.6
    64.5
    60.6
    92.9
    75.5
    97.2
    53.3
    74.5
    70.5
    54.4
    77.5
    43
    05
    New York
    New York
    42.0%
    12.4%
    10
    11.4
    73
    4.1%
    180
    96.9
    78.3
    97.7
    86
    60.5
    92.4
    71.2
    87.1
    69.6
    66.1
    50
    77.3
    44
    28
    Miami
    Florida
    36.7%
    13.5%
    10
    9.2
    86.3
    3.5%
    0
    51.4
    78.3
    81
    69.7
    86.7
    91.3
    63.9
    66.9
    83.6
    63.4
    87.3
    75.9
    45
    -
    New Orleans
    Louisiana
    41.6%
    15.1%
    10
    10.4
    50
    4.4%
    0
    65.8
    71
    74.9
    64.8
    90.2
    69.8
    93.8
    84.2
    88.9
    52.3
    72.8
    75
    46
    33
    Cleveland
    Ohio
    31.3%
    13.1%
    10
    10.9
    86.3
    6.5%
    0
    68.1
    99.3
    79
    55.7
    94.6
    61.6
    50.7
    79.2
    60.6
    61.6
    89.5
    74.6
    47
    39
    Memphis
    Tennessee
    31.8%
    14.3%
    10
    9.7
    81
    4.3%
    0
    50
    50
    67.6
    53.4
    94.3
    64.7
    91.8
    79.8
    70.8
    54.6
    86.8
    73.5
    48
    24
    Chicago
    Illinois
    39.2%
    12.6%
    10
    10.7
    71.6
    5.2%
    0
    68.9
    82.6
    90.3
    79.1
    81.3
    91.6
    50
    82.6
    56.4
    69.9
    82
    72.4
    49
    37
    Houston
    Texas
    37.3%
    16.6%
    10
    9.9
    77
    3.7%
    0
    56.1
    85.5
    77.1
    50
    91.3
    83.6
    53.8
    79.3
    66.7
    59.4
    90.3
    72
    50
    15
    Los Angeles
    California
    39.1%
    13.5%
    10
    7
    60.8
    4.0%
    117
    100
    78.5
    94.2
    88.8
    78.4
    92.4
    71.7
    67.8
    50
    79.6
    81.9
    50

    International Cities for the Best Work-Life Balance

    To understand how the U.S. performs worldwide, the table below includes 17 notable U.S. cities and 23 international cities.

    • Factors
      • Work Intensity
        • Remote Jobs
        • Overworked Population
        • Minimum Vacations Offered (Days)
        • Vacations Taken (Days)
        • Unemployment
        • Multiple Jobholders
        • Paid Parental Leave (Days)
      • Society and Institutions
        • Covid support
        • Healthcare
        • Access to Mental Healthcare
        • Inclusivity & Tolerance
      • City Livability
        • Affordability
        • Happiness, Culture & Leisure
        • City Safety
        • Outdoor Spaces
        • Air Quality
        • Wellness and Fitness
      • Covid-19
        • Covid Impact
      Work Intensity
      Society and Institutions
      City Livability
      Covid-19
      2021
      2019
      City
      Country
      TOTAL SCORE
      01
      01
      Helsinki
      Finland
      38.9%
      13.1%
      25
      30
      79.4
      6.3%
      1,190
      96
      85.3
      94.1
      90.1
      84.3
      100
      97.3
      90.9
      90.6
      97.7
      99
      100
      02
      03
      Oslo
      Norway
      41.7%
      10.6%
      25
      25
      87.2
      8.9%
      707
      96.6
      100
      100
      88.4
      74.1
      92.4
      90.7
      100
      89.9
      83.2
      98.9
      98.6
      03
      07
      Zurich
      Switzerland
      44.9%
      13.0%
      20
      25
      88.3
      7.7%
      98
      85.1
      93.4
      95.4
      84.2
      50
      94.3
      88.7
      89.9
      86.6
      93.4
      93.9
      91.5
      04
      05
      Stockholm
      Sweden
      44.2%
      12.5%
      25
      25
      75.2
      8.6%
      490
      91.7
      94.2
      93.5
      98.3
      82.2
      90.5
      87.8
      92.1
      80.1
      91.5
      92.1
      91.4
      05
      -
      Copenhagen
      Denmark
      41.4%
      10.3%
      25
      28
      81.4
      7.3%
      364
      100
      84.8
      96.6
      93.9
      77.9
      94
      93.4
      60.2
      81.3
      89.1
      95.3
      90.4
      06
      11
      Ottawa
      Canada
      38.2%
      15.1%
      10
      15
      80.9
      5.6%
      364
      94
      97
      94.9
      89.3
      85.9
      88.1
      76.7
      99.6
      100
      90.3
      91.2
      89.1
      07
      02
      Munich
      Germany
      36.7%
      11.7%
      20
      30
      95.3
      5.3%
      467
      88.3
      88.5
      98.1
      95.5
      83
      86.9
      84.6
      79
      85.5
      72.8
      88.4
      89.1
      08
      10
      Vancouver
      Canada
      38.2%
      14.8%
      10
      15
      78.6
      6.7%
      364
      94
      97.1
      94.9
      90.1
      83.9
      87.6
      81.8
      85
      97
      86.2
      91.5
      87.8
      09
      -
      Amsterdam
      Netherlands
      41.5%
      8.3%
      20
      24
      91.9
      8.2%
      115
      83.5
      93.9
      96
      94.2
      81.2
      92.1
      84.3
      60.8
      79.5
      91.1
      87.3
      87.6
      10
      15
      Sydney
      Australia
      37.9%
      13.9%
      20
      14
      80.5
      6.4%
      140
      81.1
      96.5
      95.9
      91.3
      75.3
      87.3
      78.4
      94.4
      96.7
      84.5
      95.9
      86.8
      11
      04
      Hamburg
      Germany
      36.7%
      11.4%
      20
      30
      83.5
      5.3%
      467
      88.3
      87.9
      98.1
      96.3
      86.6
      84.4
      75.2
      82.4
      85.5
      77
      89
      85.7
      12
      -
      Vienna
      Austria
      36.7%
      13.0%
      25
      25
      72.5
      4.3%
      481
      91.6
      83.6
      93.6
      95.8
      88.5
      83
      85.6
      81.8
      82
      89.4
      87.9
      85.6
      13
      -
      Calgary
      Canada
      38.2%
      15.5%
      10
      15
      65.6
      6.2%
      364
      94
      97.2
      94.9
      90.1
      85.3
      87.3
      76.5
      73.6
      100
      89.7
      92.2
      85.2
      14
      13
      Toronto
      Canada
      38.2%
      15.1%
      10
      15
      65.3
      5.6%
      364
      94
      97.1
      94.9
      90.3
      84
      92.5
      80.8
      87.5
      92.3
      85.9
      90.9
      84.9
      15
      18
      Melbourne
      Australia
      37.9%
      13.9%
      20
      14
      78.2
      6.4%
      140
      81.1
      95.9
      96
      91.3
      80.2
      96.7
      74.6
      90.4
      92.9
      85.1
      95.5
      84.9
      16
      -
      Auckland
      New Zealand
      35.5%
      14.9%
      20
      15
      86.4
      7.3%
      126
      86.7
      90.1
      94
      93.5
      80.6
      87.3
      81
      76.4
      93.2
      72.6
      98.7
      84.4
      17
      06
      Berlin
      Germany
      36.7%
      11.7%
      20
      30
      77.9
      5.3%
      467
      88.3
      86.8
      98.1
      100
      88.2
      91.1
      75.3
      82.7
      82.2
      75.3
      88.3
      84
      18
      32
      Singapore
      Singapore
      51.3%
      25.1%
      7
      14
      94.2
      2.7%
      119
      94
      92.8
      94.6
      65.7
      79.4
      75.1
      100
      93.3
      71.8
      79.6
      95.3
      83.8
      19
      -
      Dublin
      Ireland
      38.7%
      13.6%
      20
      21
      81.4
      2.7%
      182
      76.7
      76.1
      94.5
      91.7
      81.2
      89.3
      82.7
      62.3
      91.5
      88.5
      95.2
      83.4
      20
      12
      London
      UK
      43.5%
      15.4%
      28
      25
      81.3
      3.5%
      287
      73.6
      92.6
      97.7
      98.7
      77.8
      86
      73.2
      71.1
      84.9
      78.4
      76.3
      81.4
      21
      -
      Brussels
      Belgium
      42.3%
      7.0%
      20
      24
      74.1
      3.8%
      361
      94.2
      89.5
      92
      91.1
      86.5
      76.2
      75.9
      71.5
      78.9
      81.4
      79.8
      80.6
      22
      -
      Madrid
      Spain
      31.7%
      13.2%
      22
      30
      53.5
      2.3%
      127
      66.6
      91.8
      93.2
      98.2
      90.6
      78.5
      79
      74.6
      82.6
      90.2
      83.2
      80.1
      23
      39
      Tokyo
      Japan
      35.6%
      18.3%
      10
      10
      95.3
      3.6%
      770
      79.3
      95
      88.9
      61.3
      82.9
      68.2
      86.4
      65.5
      77.8
      80
      100
      79.3
      24
      -
      Salt Lake City
      USA
      43.3%
      14.2%
      10
      9.9
      95
      6.5%
      0
      66.6
      83.9
      80.6
      86.8
      87
      84.2
      76
      79.3
      99.7
      84.7
      96
      79.2
      25
      08
      Barcelona
      Spain
      31.7%
      13.0%
      22
      30
      53.6
      2.3%
      127
      66.6
      91.5
      93.2
      98
      90.8
      75.2
      75.9
      75.7
      82.2
      87.7
      82.6
      78.7
      26
      19
      Portland
      USA
      38.5%
      13.7%
      10
      10.1
      82.9
      5.4%
      0
      75.6
      84.8
      86.2
      90.9
      84
      84.6
      76.1
      94.9
      98.8
      71.7
      94.9
      77.2
      27
      09
      Paris
      France
      37.7%
      14.7%
      25
      30
      73.4
      5.3%
      490
      89.5
      84.5
      96
      89.5
      80.7
      81.8
      69
      67.6
      72.9
      87.2
      80.7
      77
      28
      25
      Denver
      USA
      42.6%
      12.3%
      10
      10.2
      79.7
      5.6%
      0
      74.1
      83.9
      84.1
      90.3
      83.9
      84.5
      75.5
      76.4
      96.2
      76.6
      92.7
      75.3
      29
      23
      Seattle
      USA
      42.3%
      13.6%
      10
      10.4
      82.1
      5.4%
      0
      75.2
      85
      87.6
      89.6
      75.2
      85.6
      66
      93.3
      96.5
      73.1
      94.6
      74.6
      30
      -
      Seoul
      South Korea
      37.5%
      19.5%
      15
      14
      88.2
      1.7%
      93
      72
      93.2
      86.2
      65.5
      86.2
      61.3
      84.5
      80.1
      50.8
      79.8
      96
      72.9
      31
      22
      Boston
      USA
      44.4%
      12.7%
      10
      10.7
      79.7
      5.5%
      0
      68.6
      85.4
      93.6
      89.8
      77.3
      86.9
      70.7
      97.1
      93.4
      66
      83.8
      72.7
      32
      14
      Budapest
      Hungary
      30.9%
      13.7%
      20
      24.1
      94.1
      1.4%
      1,127
      71.1
      57.6
      72.1
      65.7
      97.4
      56
      79.3
      77.5
      77.5
      74.2
      76.8
      72.1
      33
      -
      Washington
      USA
      49.8%
      13.6%
      10
      9.4
      80.9
      5.5%
      40
      71.4
      83
      93
      89.1
      76.8
      90.1
      62.9
      98.1
      93.9
      73
      90.4
      71.9
      34
      17
      San Diego
      USA
      39.5%
      13.0%
      10
      9.7
      76.2
      4.0%
      117
      83.8
      84.1
      91.8
      88.8
      80.6
      85.8
      76.1
      77.7
      87
      70.1
      89.2
      71.7
      35
      31
      Philadelphia
      USA
      40.1%
      12.8%
      10
      10.7
      79.7
      6.0%
      0
      73.3
      83.6
      87.5
      84.2
      85.7
      82
      73.8
      93.6
      87
      61.3
      90
      71.5
      36
      37
      Atlanta
      USA
      40.4%
      13.4%
      10
      10.2
      84
      3.8%
      0
      66.9
      82.5
      91.2
      84.3
      83.1
      84.4
      75
      90.9
      87
      55.3
      91.6
      71
      37
      20
      San Francisco
      USA
      44.8%
      13.2%
      10
      9.7
      80.5
      4.0%
      117
      83.8
      83.1
      91.7
      93.2
      64.1
      88.2
      63.7
      83.9
      93.9
      70.6
      87.1
      70.4
      38
      21
      New York
      USA
      42.0%
      12.4%
      10
      11.4
      73.5
      4.1%
      180
      82.7
      82.3
      92.9
      90
      70.1
      87.3
      66.2
      88.2
      90.7
      60
      75.8
      67.9
      39
      16
      Milan
      Italy
      35.0%
      13.7%
      20
      21
      85.2
      1.4%
      337
      76.7
      88.5
      92
      74.3
      85.4
      70.2
      75.3
      70.9
      64.5
      75.8
      50
      67.3
      40
      33
      Miami
      USA
      36.7%
      13.5%
      10
      9.2
      84
      3.5%
      0
      66.5
      82.3
      87.6
      86.2
      84.9
      86.9
      63.7
      66.4
      97.1
      58.1
      90.9
      67.2
      41
      -
      New Orleans
      USA
      41.6%
      15.1%
      10
      10.4
      55.1
      4.4%
      0
      71.6
      81.1
      85.6
      85.1
      86.9
      79
      74
      85.1
      99.5
      50
      85
      66.7
      42
      34
      Cleveland
      USA
      31.3%
      13.1%
      10
      10.9
      84
      6.5%
      0
      72.4
      85.9
      86.9
      83
      89.4
      76
      59.1
      79.7
      86.6
      56.7
      91.8
      66.5
      43
      29
      Chicago
      USA
      39.2%
      12.6%
      10
      10.7
      72.3
      5.2%
      0
      72.7
      83
      90.5
      88.4
      81.8
      87
      58.8
      83.4
      84.7
      62.8
      88.8
      65.4
      44
      36
      Houston
      USA
      37.3%
      16.6%
      10
      9.9
      76.6
      3.7%
      0
      68.1
      83.6
      86.3
      81.7
      87.5
      84.1
      60.1
      79.9
      89.4
      55.2
      92.1
      65.3
      45
      35
      Hong Kong
      Hong Kong
      39.5%
      29.9%
      7
      14
      82.5
      3.7%
      70
      70.1
      63.7
      90.5
      68.6
      82
      51.9
      81.6
      80.9
      50
      100
      91.8
      62
      46
      26
      Los Angeles
      USA
      39.1%
      13.5%
      10
      7
      63.7
      4.0%
      117
      83.8
      82.3
      91.7
      90.7
      80.2
      87.3
      66.4
      67.5
      81.8
      69.9
      88.7
      54.2
      47
      -
      Sao Paulo
      Brazil
      25.7%
      10.8%
      10
      30
      50
      4.7%
      181
      50
      54.7
      86.7
      73.8
      100
      73.4
      50
      60.7
      70.5
      66.6
      81.5
      52
      48
      38
      Buenos Aires
      Argentina
      28.0%
      19.9%
      14
      15
      57.8
      10.0%
      92
      59.4
      52.5
      88.7
      79.4
      99.5
      74.2
      62.6
      67.7
      79.8
      71.7
      64.2
      51.6
      49
      -
      Bangkok
      Thailand
      16.8%
      20.2%
      6
      10
      100
      3.7%
      90
      73.9
      63.6
      76.7
      70.6
      95.7
      69.2
      56.2
      50
      52.1
      93.2
      95.1
      51.3
      50
      40
      Kuala Lumpur
      Malaysia
      30.1%
      16.0%
      8
      12
      88.3
      1.1%
      98
      66.6
      50
      50
      50
      98.2
      50
      67.1
      73.4
      57.1
      74.6
      92.9
      50

      Methodology

      The U.S. Cities With the Best Work-Life Balance 2021 ranking reveals the U.S. and global cities with the best social, cultural and structural systems in place in order to provide their residents with the most well-rounded work-life balance, in terms not only of work intensity, but also livability, well-being and rights. As the third yearly iteration since 2019, and the second since the pandemic began, the study also takes into account how the shift to remote-working and the impact of Covid-19 has changed and continues to affect work-life balance in major U.S. and global cities around the world.

      The study first examined 50 major U.S. cities known for attracting professionals and families for their work opportunities and diverse lifestyle offerings. Then, to understand how the U.S. performs worldwide, an international study was conducted after reviewing hundreds of global metropolises with similar offerings as well as sufficient, reliable, and relevant datasets. The result is a shortlist of 50 in-demand international cities, including 17 from the U.S. and 23 worldwide. As the third iteration of a continuous study, this index includes 10 more U.S. and global cities than in 2019.

      This index is not designed to be a city livability index, nor is it intended to highlight the best cities to work in. Instead, it is designed to be a guideline which supports the fulfillment of residents’ lives by improving the aspects of life which help relieve work-related stress and intensity.

      Factors and Scoring

      The study was divided into three categories - Work Intensity, Society and Institutions, City Livability - comprising the following 18 factors which contribute to work-life balance during and beyond the pandemic. The cities in both the Global and U.S. deep-dive were assessed according to these factors:

      • Work-Intensity: Remote Jobs (%), Overworked Population (%), Minimum Vacations Offered (Days), Vacations Taken (Days), Unemployment (Score), Multiple Jobholders (%), Paid Parental Leave (Days).

      • Society and Institutions: Covid Support (Score), Healthcare (Score), Access to Mental Healthcare (Score), Inclusivity & Tolerance (Score).

      • City Livability: Affordability (Score), Happiness, Culture & Leisure (Score), City Safety (Score), Outdoor Spaces (Score), Air Quality (Score), Wellness and Fitness (Score), Covid Impact (Score).

      Each factor consists of one or more indicators which were scored and averaged. The equation for scoring is as follows:

      z-Score =

      x - mean(X)

      Standard deviation(X)

      in short

      x - μ

      σ



      For columns where a low value is better, the score is inverted such that a high score is always better:

      z-Score inverted = -1 *

      x - mean(X)

      Standard deviation(X)

      in short -1 *

      x - μ

      σ



      Data is normalized to a [50-100] scale, with 100 being the best score. Therefore, the higher the score, the better the city ranks for that factor in comparison to the other cities in the index. The formula used is min-max normalisation:

      score = (100 - 50) *

      x - min(X)

      max(X) - min(X)

      + 50



      The final score was determined by calculating the sum of the weighted average score of all of the indicators. Below you can find a detailed description of each factor within the study, and the source used.

      WORK INTENSITY

      Remote Jobs (%)

      The quantity of jobs that are workable from home as a percentage of all jobs. Locations with a greater share of teleworkable jobs (aka remote working) may provide residents with the ability to comply with strict social distancing requirements while also maintaining regular employment and income.

      Data taken from the "How many jobs can be done at home?" (Dingle & Neiman, 2020) white paper, which uses job classification survey data to identify jobs that can be performed from home, and applies this to job statistics to estimate the share of all jobs these jobs account for. U.S. cities employ data at a Metropolitan Statistical Area level, while country-level data was taken for all other cities. Where data was unavailable, values for some countries were modeled using GDP per capita and percentage of population with university degrees.

      Sources: Dingel, J. I., & Neiman, B. (2020). How many jobs can be done at home?. Journal of Public Economics, 189, 104235; World Bank – GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), latest data; World Bank – Percentage of population age 15+ with tertiary schooling. Completed Tertiary, latest data.

      Overworked Population (%)

      The percentage of full-time employees working more than 48 hours per working week. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) recommends a workweek of 40-hours and considers weekly work of over 48 hours "excessive".¹ The “Overworked Population” is considered to be the percentage of full-time employees working more than 48 hours per working week.

      For cities in the United States and in the European Union, average number of hours of work was incorporated into the country-level data to approximate percentages on a city-level. For all other cities, country-level data was used to evaluate the average working hours per week.

      Sources: ILO-STATISTICS – Labour force survey, latest available data; US Bureau of Labor Statistics – Current Employment Statistics survey (State & Metro Area), 2019; EUROSTAT - Average number of usual weekly hours of work in main job by sex, age and NUTS 2 regions.

      Minimum Vacations Offered (Days)

      The minimum number of compensated vacation days an employee is legally entitled to after at least one year of service. Data was taken at a national level for a full-time, five-day workweek (excluding public holidays). In the U.S., under the Fair Labor Standards Act, no such federal or state-level regulations exist that require employers to pay employees for time not worked, including holidays.² Despite this, time off agreements are often negotiated between employer and employee. Data for U.S. cities is based on the average number of reported paid holiday days for a private industry employee after their first year of service (10 days per annum).³

      Sources: International Labour Organisation; European Commission – EURES Living and Working Conditions ; Thomson Reuters – Practical Law database; Various national labour departments.

      Vacations Taken (Days)

      The average number of used paid vacation days offered to full-time employees in a single year. City-level data was used where available.

      For U.S. cities, data was calculated by subtracting the unused vacation days from the average number of days offered. The percentage of unused vacation days in the U.S. was sourced at a state-level. For non-U.S. cities, country-level data was taken on the number of vacation days used.

      Sources: US Travel Association – State-by-State Time Off, 2019; Expedia – Vacation Deprivation study, 2018/17; UBS – Prices and Earnings study, 2018.

      Unemployment (Score)

      The unemployment rate for the metropolitan area or region in the first quarter of 2021. This factor is expressed as a score where the higher the score, the lower the unemployment rate. For cities that have not published their unemployment rate, the rate was estimated using the quarter-to-quarter trend of the country. In rare instances, national figures were used. Unemployed persons are considered those of the labour force who are jobless, looking for a job, and available for work.

      Sources: Official statistical websites of each metropolitan area/region/country.

      Multiple Jobholders (%)

      The percentage of employed people holding more than one job at any one time. The holding of more than one job at a time can be a sign of engaging in precarious work, and is often used as a financial coping tactic for those in economically vulnerable positions, including minorities. Multiple job-holding can also expose workers to longer hours, lower wages, and compromise their labour protections. The ILO has voiced concern about incidence of multiple job-holding, describing it as a possible “sign of persons engaged in irregular low-productive work, with an overlap to working poverty and an inability to earn sufficient income on the main job alone.”⁴

      Unfortunately, detailed geographical data on the number of multiple-jobholders is underreported and not regularly published. However the latest available data where possible was compiled from official statistics and independent research. All U.S. and Canadian data is at a state and province level, respectively, while other cities use national data. Values for Hong Kong and Bangkok are modelled estimates using national figures for the percentage of part-time workers as a proportion of the workforce.

      Sources: Eurostat – Job-holder survey, 2018; Bureau of Labor Statistics – Multiple-jobholding rates, 2015; Statistics Canada – Multiple jobholders, 2019; Singapore Ministry of Manpower – Labour Force report, 2018; Australian Department of Social Services – HILDA survey, 2019; Stats NZ – Household labour force survey, 2019; Statistics Korea – Economically Active Population survey, 2019; The World Bank – Malaysia Economic Monitor, 2019; Japan Labor Issues Journal – Atsushi Kawakami: “Who Holds Multiple Jobs?...”, 2019; Latin American Perspectives – “Precarious Work in Argentina 2003-2017”, 2020; United Nations – Economic and Social Council Brazil report, 2001.

      Paid Parental Leave (Days)

      The number of paid family leave days from work afforded to employees by law. The sum comprises the legislated number of days for paid maternal, paternal and parental leave, and reflects the number of days compensated, regardless of benefits provided or level of compensation. At the federal level, the U.S. does not mandate paid leave for parents, but some states have recently passed relevant legislation (these include the states of California, New York, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia). National data is used, except for U.S. cities, which use state-level data.

      Sources: OECD – Employment statistics database, latest available data; ILO – Maternity and paternity at work study, 2014; Thomson Reuters – Practical Law, 2020; Official local government websites.

      SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS

      Covid Support (Score)

      The degree of income support provided by governments to workers affected by the economic effects of Covid-19. This factor is expressed as a score where the higher the score, the greater the support. It takes into account government programmes to replace income lost due to Covid, length of unemployment benefits, consumer confidence, household spending and general wage levels; as well as overall spending by governments to dampen the impact of Covid on the economy. In addition, the level of covid cases and deaths was taken into account.

      Sources: Thomas Hale, Noam Angrist, Rafael Goldszmidt , Beatriz Kira , Anna Petherick, Toby Phillips, Samuel Webster, Emily Cameron-Blake, Laura Hallas, Saptarshi Majumdar, and Helen Tatlow. (2021). “A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker).” Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8; IMF - Fiscal Monitor Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic (April, 2021): Above the line spendings Additional - spending or foregone revenues - Non-health sector (as % of gdp); OECD - Household Dashboard: Real Household Final Consumption expenditure per capita, Consumer Confidence; year to year comparison (Q2 2020/Q2 2019 and Q3 2020/Q3 2019); OECD - Benefits and wages database, SSA Country profiles, local authorities: Length of unemployment benefits for a 30 year old single; no children; work prior to unemployment; five years of contribution; average salary, full-time; contract terminated because of shortage of work; ILO - Mean nominal monthly earnings; Worldometers - Total Cases per million, total deaths per million.

      Healthcare (Score)

      The measure of a city’s healthcare system based on access, quality and satisfaction. Country-level data was obtained from the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) index for access and quality indicators, while U.S. cities also incorporate state-level data from the Health Access and Quality (HAQ) study. Additional data was taken from healthcare access indexes developed by the World Health Organisation and the European Commission. Satisfaction survey results were taken at a city level.

      Sources: Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. E., Knight, M., Barthelemy, C. M., Abbafati, C., ... & Cárdenas, R. (2020). Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1250-1284; Fullman, Nancy, et al. "Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016." The Lancet 391.10136 (2018): 2236-2271; European Commission — DRMKC - INFORM Risk Index (‘Access to health care’ indicator); 2021.; WHO - World Health Data Platform, Universal Health Coverage Index; latest data; Numbeo – Healthcare Index; data as of April 2021.

      Access to Mental Healthcare (Score)

      The accessibility and effectiveness of governments in implementing mental health policies aimed to care for individuals with mental health illnesses. This factor uses national data on governance, access to treatment, and the environment necessary for treatment. This factor also incorporates suicide rates and city-level survey data on healthcare quality.

      Sources: EIU/Jannsen – Asia- Pacific Mental Health Integration Index, 2016; EIU/Jannsen – Europe Mental Health Integration Index, 2014; Institute for Health and Metrics Evaluation – Health Access and Quality Index, 2016; Numbeo – Healthcare Index, 2020; local statistics departments.

      Inclusivity & Tolerance (Score)

      The degree to which a city supports gender and LGBT+ equality, inclusivity and tolerance through legislation and opportunity. The score combines the following ‘Gender Equality’ (degree of gender parity), as well as the ‘LGBT+’ (inclusiveness and tolerance) factors:

      Gender Equality:

      Gender equality scores were developed using data on the level of difference in economic opportunity and participation, educational attainment, health, and political empowerment between men and women. City-level data was used for U.S. cities, with country-level data used for non-U.S. cities.

      Sources: Economist – Glass Ceiling Index, 2020; World Economic Forum – Gender Gap Index, 2020; Council on Foreign Relations – Women's Workplace Equality Index, 2020; OECD – Social Institutions & Gender Index, 2019.

      LGBT+

      For LGBT+ scores, the comprehensiveness of equality and protection (an emphasis on work rights) legislation, health access, as well as political representation for the LGBT+ community were examined. The percentage of the population that identifies as LGBT+ was also included, as environments in which a higher number of citizens feel comfortable openly identifying as a minority is also a potential indicator of a tolerant and supportive community.

      Sources: SPARTACUS – Gay Travel Index, 2020; Gallup – Daily Tracking polls, 2015/2017; Out Leadership – State LGBT+ Business Climate Index, 2019; Local statistics departments, latest available data.

      CITY LIVABILITY

      Affordability (Score)

      Monthly living costs as a proportion of the average household income, after tax. A basket of estimated monthly costs includes: rent, basic utilities costs, groceries, internet connection, leisure activities, clothes, and eating out. A higher score indicates a higher level of remaining monthly income (if any) after accounting for these deductions.

      Sources: OECD – Employment Database, latest; Numbeo – Cost of Living Index, data as of April, 2021.

      Happiness, Culture & Leisure (Score)

      The degree to which residents are able to enjoy their environment after office hours, measured through the average perceived level of happiness as well as the accessibility and variety of a city’s cultural and lifestyle offerings. The score combines both of the following ‘Happiness’ and ‘Culture & Leisure’ factors.

      Happiness

      Score includes the average perceived level of happiness at a city level. In the rare absence of city-level data, national data was used. The score is calculated from survey responses evaluating the perceived happiness with one’s own life, as well as the degree of positive and negative effects a respondent experiences.

      Sources: Sustainable Development Solutions Network – World Happiness Report, 2020; Walethub – Happiest Cities, 2019.

      Culture & Leisure

      The vibrancy and variety of cultural and lifestyle offerings in a city. The score combines cultural city rankings, the number of persons employed in the cultural and creative industries, and the amount of leisure facilities and activities available, such as the number of sports stadiums, restaurants, parks, shops, entertainment and nightlife venues per capita. Cities with an exceptional number of activities received supplementary points.

      Note: all data collected for this factor reflects pre-pandemic conditions where cultural and lifestyle offerings were available without restriction. This was designed to measure the vibrancy of a city's offerings under normal circumstances, with the hope that the existing cultural framework of a location will allow it to return to a similar level in the future.

      Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis – State Arts and Cultural Production Employment, 2016; European Commission – Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor, 2019; Mori Foundation – Global Power City Index, 2018; TimeOut – ‘48 best cities in the world in 2019’; Wallethub – Funnest Cities in the US rankings, 2019; OSM Overpass Turbo API – Searches included: bars; clubs; pubs; restaurants; cafes; galleries; museums; and cinemas, latest data; TripAdvisor – Searches included: Nightlife, Museums, Concerts & Shows, Outdoor Activities, Nature & Parks, latest data; World Stadiums – Database, latest data.

      City Safety (Score)

      The degree of safety provided by a city in more than a dozen key areas, including environmental, social and infrastructural security. Indicators include statistics on injuries and fatalities, damage caused at an economic level, public opinion data, and data on the vulnerability of a location to particular hazards.

      Sources: Germanwatch – Global Climate Risk Index, 2021/2020; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime – database; Economist Intelligence Unit – Safe Cities 2019; European Commission/Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre – INFORM RISK report 2021; Igarape Institute – Fragile Cities index, 2017; Numbeo - Crime Index; Vision of Humanity – Global Peace Index, 2020; World Health Organisation - Global Health Observatory database, latest available data.

      Green Spaces and Weather (Score)

      The prevalence and accessibility of a city’s urban green infrastructure as a score, including its proximity to residents and the percentage of land allocated to green space. Data on weather and daylight conditions that could affect the use of public outdoor spaces was also incorporated. This includes average temperatures, the annual number of rainy days, annual sunshine hours, and cloudlessness.

      Significant weighting is placed on the green spaces indicator, as the existence of favourable weather alone is not a condition for a good score in this section. Data is collected at a city level.

      Sources: United States Forest Service – iTree survey tool; The Trust for Public Land – ParkScore index, 2020; OECD – Green area survey, 2018; European Environmental Agency – Urban green infrastructure database, 2017; Weather Spark – Weather analysis data, 2020.

      Air Quality (Score)

      Annual median particulate matter (PM2.5/PM10) pollution for the year 2019, represented as a score. Data from pre-pandemic conditions was used in order to assess a city’s air quality under normal circumstances, with a view that pollution levels may return to similar levels in the future should measures not be taken to reduce them.

      Daily average data was taken across all days of a single year, with the median pollution level representing the overall score. Data was taken at a city level.

      Sources: AQICN – Air Quality Index historical database, 2019; World Health Organisation – Global Ambient Air Quality Database, 2018.

      Wellness and Fitness (Score)

      The general state of a community’s physical fitness and health as represented by a population’s average life expectancy, as well as levels of inactivity, obesity, and the number of fitness studios and gyms per capita. National data was used for life expectancy at birth, while U.S. cities use city-level data. Adult obesity rates and the prevalence of physical inactivity were taken at a national level, with U.S. cities using state level data. Data on the number of gyms per capita is taken at a city level.

      Sources: World Health Organisation – Global Health Observatory data repository, latest data; US Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Adult Physical Inactivity Prevalence, 2020; Opportunity Insights – US life expectancy data, 2016; The State of Childhood Obesity – Adult Obesity Rates, 2019; OSM Overpass Turbo API – Searches included: ‘leisure=fitness_centre’ and ‘leisure=sports_centre’.

      COVID Impact (Score)

      The degree of social and economic impact on account of a location’s Covid-19-related response. This factor is expressed as a score where the higher the score, the lower the impact. Three dimensions of the impact were taken into account: public health, economic and social. The impact on public health is quantified through cases and deaths relative to population; the impact on economy through year-on-year GDP growth in 2020 and 2021; and the impact on society through the severity of limiting measures put in place to contain the pandemic, as well as changes in mobility patterns as a measure of the effect of these restrictions.

      Sources: Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, International Monetary Fund, Apple – Covid-19 Mobility Trends Reports.

      About Kisi: Founded in 2012 in Brooklyn, Kisi is a cloud-based access control system providing mobile-first security solutions. Businesses of every size and industry use Kisi to secure their spaces, streamline operations and build a vibrant office culture.

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